Zovirax

Brand name: Zovirax
Generic name: Acyclovir

What is the most important information I should know about Zovirax?

• Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated.
• Treatment with Zovirax should be started as soon as possible after the first appearance of symptoms (such as tingling, burning, blisters).
• Herpes infections are contagious and you can infect other people, even while you are being treated with Zovirax. Avoid letting infected areas come into contact with other people. Avoid touching an infected area and then touching your eyes. Wash your hands frequently to prevent passing the infection to others.

What is Zovirax?

• Zovirax is an antiviral drug. It slows the growth and spread of the herpes virus so that the body can fight off the infection. Zovirax will not cure herpes, but it can lessen the symptoms of the infections.
• Zovirax is used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses. Illnesses caused by herpes viruses include genital herpes, cold sores, shingles, and chicken pox.
• Zovirax may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Zovirax?

• Do not take Zovirax without if you are allergic to valZovirax (Valtrex).
• Before taking Zovirax, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease. You may need a dosage adjustment or special tests during treatment.
• FDA pregnancy category B. This medication is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
• Zovirax passes into breast milk and may harm a nursing infant. Do not take this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take Zovirax?

• Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor.
• Treatment with Zovirax should be started as soon as possible after the first appearance of symptoms (such as tingling, burning, blisters).
• Take each dose with a full glass of water. Drink plenty of water while you are taking Zovirax to keep your kidneys working properly.
• Zovirax can be taken with or without food. Taking Zovirax with food may decrease stomach upset.
• Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. To be sure you get the correct dose, measure the liquid with a marked measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
• Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Zovirax will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
• Lesions caused by herpes viruses should be kept as clean and dry as possible. Wearing loose clothing may help to prevent irritation of the lesions.
• Store Zovirax at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.
• Symptoms of an Zovirax overdose may include seizure (convulsions), hallucinations, and urinating less than usual or not at all.

What should I avoid while taking Zovirax?

• Herpes infections are contagious and you can infect other people, even while you are being treated with Zovirax. Avoid letting infected areas come into contact with other people. Avoid touching an infected area and then touching your eyes. Wash your hands frequently to prevent passing the infection to others.
• Zovirax will not prevent the spread of genital herpes. Avoid sexual intercourse or use a latex condom to prevent spreading the virus to others.

What are the possible side effects of Zovirax?

• Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Stop using Zovirax and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side
  • urinating less than usual or not at all;
  • easy bruising or bleeding;
  • unusual weakness.
• Continue using Zovirax and talk with your doctor if you have any of these less serious side effects:
  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, stomach pain;
  • headache, feeling light-headed; or
  • swelling in your hands or feet.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Zovirax?

• Before taking Zovirax, tell your doctor if you are also taking probenecid (Benemid). If you are using probenecid, you may not be able to use Zovirax, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.
• There may be other drugs that can affect Zovirax. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Zerit

Brand name: Zerit
Generic name: Stavudine

What is the most important information I should know about Zerit?

• Lactic acidosis and severe liver problems, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as Zerit, alone or in combination. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience nausea, vomiting, or unusual or unexpected stomach discomfort; weakness and tiredness; shortness of breath; weakness in the arms and legs; yellowing of the skin or eyes; or pain in the upper stomach area. These may be early symptoms of lactic acidosis or liver problems.
• Serious cases of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) have been reported with the use of Zerit. Notify your doctor immediately if you develop symptoms of pancreatitis including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
• Avoid alcohol while taking Zerit. Alcohol may increase the risk of damage to the pancreas and/ or liver.
• The most common side effect from Zerit therapy is peripheral neuropathy, which may cause loss of feeling, numbness, tingling, or pain in a part of the body. Approximately 20% of patients taking Zerit will experience peripheral neuropathy. Contact your doctor if you experience any of these side effects.
• Follow your doctor's instructions with respect to high-risk activities such as unprotected sex and the sharing of needles. Zerit is not a cure for HIV or AIDS, and you can still transmit the virus to others during therapy with this medication.

What is Zerit?

• Zerit is an antiviral medication. It is in a category of HIV medicines called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Zerit inhibits the reproduction of HIV in the body.
• Zerit is used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Zerit is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.
• Zerit may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Zerit?

• Before taking Zerit, tell your doctor if you have:
  • kidney disease;
  • liver disease;
  • pancreatitis; or
  • a history of peripheral neuropathy (numbness or tingling). or
• You may not be able to take Zerit, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.
• The Zerit oral solution contains 50 mg of sucrose per mL. Individuals with diabetes may need to monitor their intake of sucrose.
• Zerit is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether it will harm an unborn baby. Fatal lactic acidosis has been reported in pregnant women treated with the combination of didanosine (Videx, Videx EC) and Zerit with other antiretroviral medicines. It is very important to treat HIV/ AIDS during pregnancy to reduce the risk of infecting the baby. Talk to your doctor about your treatment options.
• It is not known whether Zerit passes into breast milk and what effect it may have on a nursing baby. To prevent transmission of the virus to uninfected babies, it is recommended that HIV-positive mothers not breast-feed. Talk to your doctor about breast-feeding if you are taking Zerit.

How should I take Zerit?

• Take Zerit exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
• Take each dose with a full glass of water.
• Zerit can be taken with or without food.
• Shake the suspension well before measuring a dose.
• To ensure that you get a correct dose, measure the liquid form of Zerit with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
• Swallow the extended-release capsules (Zerit XR) whole, without crushing or chewing. If swallowing the capsules is difficult, they can be carefully opened and the contents mixed with two tablespoons of applesauce or yogurt. The mixture should then be swallowed whole, without chewing or crushing the beads. Consume the mixture immediately, do not save it for later use.
• Treatment of HIV/ AIDS almost always requires the use of two or more drugs. If you need to stop taking one of the medicines you are taking for HIV, you should stop all of them until you can talk to your doctor.
• It is important to take Zerit regularly to get the most benefit.
• Your doctor may want you to have blood tests or other medical evaluations during treatment with Zerit to monitor progress and side effects.
• Store Zerit capsules at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
• Store the Zerit suspension in the refrigerator between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius (36 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit). Throw away any unused suspension after 30 days.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next regularly scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one as directed. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless your doctor directs otherwise.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention.
• Symptoms of a Zerit overdose include liver damage (yellowing of the skin or eyes, nausea, abdominal pain or discomfort, unusual bleeding or bruising, severe fatigue) and numbness, tingling, or pain in a part of the body.

What should I avoid while taking Zerit?

• Follow your doctor's instructions with respect to high-risk activities such as unprotected sex and the sharing of needles. Zerit is not a cure for HIV or AIDS, and you can still transmit the virus to others during therapy with this medication.
• Avoid alcohol while taking Zerit. Alcohol may increase the risk of damage to the pancreas and/ or liver.

What are the possible side effects of Zerit?

• Stop taking Zerit and seek emergency medical attention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives).
• Lactic acidosis and severe liver problems, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as Zerit, alone or in combination. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience nausea, vomiting, or unusual or unexpected stomach discomfort; weakness and tiredness; shortness of breath; weakness in the arms and legs; yellowing of the skin or eyes; or pain in the upper stomach area. These may be early symptoms of lactic acidosis or liver problems.
• Serious cases of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) have been reported with the use of Zerit. Notify your doctor immediately if you develop symptoms of pancreatitis including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
• The most common side effect from Zerit therapy is peripheral neuropathy, which may cause loss of feeling, numbness, tingling, or pain in a part of the body. Approximately 20% of patients taking Zerit will experience peripheral neuropathy. Contact your doctor if you experience any of these side effects.
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take Zerit and talk to your doctor if you experience any of the following side effects:
  • headache;
  • a fever or chills;
  • nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea;
  • insomnia;
  • decreased appetite;
  • a rash; or
  • redistribution of body fat (loss of fat from the arms, legs, and face and increased fat around the neck, breast, and trunk).
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Zerit?

• Zerit may interact with other medications resulting in reduced effectiveness and/ or side effects. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any other prescription or over-the-counter medications, including herbal products.

Valtrex

Brand name: Valtrex
Generic name: Valacyclovir

What is the most important information I should know about valtrex?

Take all of the valtrex that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated.

Treatment with valtrex should be started as soon as possible after the first appearance of symptoms (e.g. tingling, burning, blisters).

Herpes infections are contagious and you can infect other people, even during treatment. Avoid letting infected areas come into contact with other people. Wash your hands frequently to prevent transmission.

Valtrex is not a cure for herpes virus infections.

What is valtrex?

Valtrex is an antiviral drug. It slows the growth and spread of the herpes virus so that the body can fight off the infection. Valtrex lessens the symptoms of these infections and shortens the length of time you are sick.

Valtrex is used in the treatment and suppression of genital herpes, shingles, and cold sores. Valtrex is not a cure for herpes virus infections.

Valtrex may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking valtrex?

Do not take valtrex without first talking to your doctor if you are allergic to acyclovir (Zovirax). Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease or immune system problems. You may need a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment with valtrex. Valtrex is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether valtrex passes into breast milk and how it may affect a nursing baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take valtrex?

Take valtrex exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Treatment with valtrex should be started as soon as possible after the first appearance of symptoms (e.g. for cold sores-tingling, burning, blisters).

Take each dose with a full glass of water.

Valtrex can be taken with or without food. Taking valtrex with food may decrease stomach upset.

Take all of the valtrex that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated.

It is important to take valtrex regularly to get the most benefit.

Lesions caused by herpes viruses should be kept as clean and dry as possible. Wearing loose clothing may help to prevent irritation of the lesions.

Store valtrex at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next regularly scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one as directed. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical treatment if an overdose is suspected.

The symptoms of an overdose of valtrex are not well known, but an overdose of acyclovir (Zovirax), which is a similar drug, may cause seizures, hallucinations, and kidney damage (decreased urine production).

What should I avoid while taking valtrex?

Herpes infections are contagious and you can infect other people, even during treatment. Avoid letting infected areas come into contact with other people. Wash your hands frequently to prevent transmission.

Valtrex will not prevent the spread of genital herpes. Avoidance of sexual intercourse and use of latex condoms may prevent spreading the virus to others.

What are the possible side effects of valtrex?

Stop taking valtrex and seek emergency medical attention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives).

Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take valtrex and talk to your doctor if you experience

• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain;
• headache;
• dizziness; or
• tremors.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect valtrex?

Probenecid (Benemid) and cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB) may increase the effects of valtrex and possibly lead to dangerous side effects. You may need a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you are taking probenecid or cimetidine.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with valtrex. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.

Urispas

Brand name: Urispas
Generic name: Flavoxate

What is the most important information I should know about Urispas?

• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Urispas may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision. If you experience dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision, avoid these activities.
• Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness while taking Urispas.
• Avoid becoming overheated in hot weather. Urispas may increase the risk of heat stroke because it may decrease sweating. Drink plenty of fluid of maintain adequate hydration.

What is Urispas?

• Urispas relieves spasms of the bladder and urinary tract.
• Urispas is used to treat the symptoms of urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary leakage, painful or difficult urination, and urinary incontinence.
• Urispas may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Urispas?

• Do not take Urispas if you have
  • a blockage of the urinary tract (difficulty urinating);
  • bleeding in the stomach; or
  • a blockage in the intestines.
• Before taking Urispas, tell your doctor if you have glaucoma or other health problems. You may not be able to take Urispas, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring if you have other medical conditions.
• Urispas is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take Urispas without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment.
• It is not known whether Urispas will be harmful to a nursing infant. Do not take Urispas without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
• The safety and effectiveness of Urispas have not been studied in children younger than 12 years of age. Urispas is not recommended for use by children in this age group.

How should I take Urispas?

• Take Urispas exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
• Take each dose with a full glass of water.
• Do not take more of this medication than is prescribed for you. If your symptoms are not being treated, notify your doctor.
• Store Urispas at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention.
• Symptoms of an Urispas overdose are not well known but might include restlessness, tremor, irritability, seizures, delirium, hallucinations, flushing, fever, nausea, vomiting, a fast heartbeat, and possibly coma.

What should I avoid while taking Urispas?

• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Urispas may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision. If you experience dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision, avoid these activities.
• Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness while taking Urispas.
• Avoid becoming overheated in hot weather. Urispas may increase the risk of heat stroke because it may decrease sweating. Drink plenty of fluid to maintain adequate hydration.

What are the possible side effects of Urispas?

• If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking Urispas and seek emergency medical attention or contact your doctor immediately:
  • an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives); or
  • an irregular or fast heart rate.
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take Urispas and talk to your doctor if you experience
  • nausea or vomiting;
  • dry mouth;
  • dizziness or lightheadedness;
  • headache;
  • confusion;
  • drowsiness;
  • nervousness;
  • blurred vision or large pupils;
  • dryness of the eyes; or
  • difficulty urinating.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Urispas?

• Urispas may increase the effects of other drugs that cause drowsiness, including antidepressants, alcohol, antihistamines, sedatives (used to treat insomnia), pain relievers, anxiety medicines, and muscle relaxants. Tell your doctor about all medicines that you are taking, and do not take any medicine without first talking to your doctor.
• Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with Urispas. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including herbal products.

Symmetrel

Brand name: Symmetrel
Generic name: Amantadine

What is the most important information I should know about Symmetrel?

• Do not stop taking Symmetrel suddenly if you are using it to treat Parkinson's disease. Doing so may cause your condition to suddenly become much worse.
• If you are taking Symmetrel to treat influenza A, take all of the medication that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated.

What is Symmetrel?

• Symmetrel is an antiviral medication. It blocks the actions of viruses in your body.
• Symmetrel is used to treat and to prevent influenza A (a viral infection). There may be some flu seasons during which Symmetrel is not recommended because certain flu strains may be resistant to this drug.
• Symmetrel is also used to treat Parkinson's disease and “parkinson-like” symptoms such as stiffness and shaking that may be caused by the use of certain drugs. How Symmetrel works in these conditions is unknown.
• Symmetrel may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

Who should not take Symmetrel?

• Before taking Symmetrel, tell your doctor if you have
  • epilepsy or any other seizure disorder;
  • congestive heart failure or an accumulation of fluid (swelling) in your arms, legs, hands, or feet;
  • any type of kidney disease;
  • any type of liver disease; or
  • a chronic rash such as eczema.
• You may need a lower dose or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.
• Symmetrel is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether it will harm an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant.
• Symmetrel passes into breast milk. It is not known whether it will harm a nursing baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take Symmetrel?

• Take Symmetrel exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand the directions on your prescription bottle, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
• Take each dose with a full glass of water.
• To ensure that you get a correct dose, measure the liquid form of Symmetrel with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not with a regular tablespoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
• If you are taking Symmetrel to treat influenza A, take all of the medication that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated.
• Store Symmetrel at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the dose you missed and take only your next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention.
• Symptoms of an Symmetrel overdose include an increased heart rate; high blood pressure (blurred vision, severe headache); anxiety; difficulty breathing; insomnia; aggression; tremor; confusion; hallucinations; paranoia; coma; seizures; and even death.

What should I avoid while taking Symmetrel?

• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Symmetrel may cause dizziness. If you experience dizziness, avoid these activities.

What are the possible side effects of Symmetrel?

• If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking Symmetrel and seek emergency medical attention:
  • an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives);
  • congestive heart failure (swelling in your lower legs or feet, difficulty breathing, fatigue);
  • severe stiffness or involuntary movements of your arms or legs; or
  • confusion after discontinuing Symmetrel or after a dose reduction.
• Other, less serious side effects are more likely to occur. Continue to take Symmetrel and talk to your doctor if you experience
  • dizziness, lightheadedness, drowsiness, or a headache;
  • insomnia;
  • nausea or decreased appetite;
  • dry mouth or constipation; or
  • depression, anxiety, or confusion.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Symmetrel?

• Other drugs that stimulate your central nervous system, such as caffeine, diet pills, and decongestants, may increase the side effects from Symmetrel. Do not take any prescription or over-the-counter medicines for weight loss, for colds, for allergies, or to help you stay awake without first talking to your doctor or pharmacist.
• Tell your doctor if you are taking a diuretic (water pill). You may need special monitoring during your therapy.
• Phenothiazines used to treat emotional disorders, such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and thioridazine (Mellaril), may increase tremor during Symmetrel therapy. Tell your doctor about any medicines you are taking for emotional conditions.
• Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with Symmetrel. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines.

Sustiva

Brand name: Sustiva
Generic name: Efavirenz

What is the most important information I should know about Sustiva?

• Treatment with Sustiva has been associated with the development of serious psychiatric side effects including severe depression, suicidal thoughts, aggressive behavior, paranoid reactions, manic reactions. Contact your doctor immediately if you develop any new or worsening psychiatric symptoms.
• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Sustiva may cause dizziness or drowsiness. If you experience dizziness or drowsiness, avoid these activities.
• Avoid alcohol or use it with caution while taking Sustiva. Alcohol may increase dizziness and drowsiness while taking this medication.
• Sustiva is not a cure for HIV or AIDS, and you can still transmit the virus to others during therapy with the medication. Follow your doctor's instructions with respect to high-risk activities such as unprotected sex and the sharing of needles.

What is Sustiva?

• Sustiva is an antiviral medication. It is in a category of HIV medicines called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Sustiva inhibits the reproduction of HIV in the body.
• Sustiva is used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Sustiva is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.
• Sustiva may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Sustiva?

• Sustiva may cause serious and/ or life-threatening side effects if taken with certain other medications including the following: cisapride (Propulsid), astemizole (Hismanal), terfenadine (Seldane), midazolam (Versed), triazolam (Halcion), ergotamine (Ergostat, Ergomar, and others), dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45), and others. Do not take any other medicines during treatment with Sustiva without first talking to your doctor.
• Before taking Sustiva, tell your doctor if you have
  • liver disease;
  • a history of mental illness or depression; or
  • high blood levels of cholesterol or triglycerides (types of fat in the blood).
• You may not be able to take Sustiva, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.
• Sustiva is in the FDA pregnancy category D. This means that Sustiva is known to be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use Sustiva without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. Discuss with your doctor the appropriate use of birth control during treatment with Sustiva if necessary.
• Sustiva passes into breast milk and it is not known whether it will affect a nursing baby. To prevent transmission of the virus to uninfected babies, it is recommended that HIV-positive mothers not breast feed their babies.

How should I take Sustiva?

• Take Sustiva exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
• Take each dose with a full glass of water.
• Sustiva can be taken with or without food. Do not take Sustiva with a high fat meal.
• Taking Sustiva at bedtime may help to minimize side effects.
• It is important to take Sustiva regularly to get the most benefit.
• Treatment of HIV/ AIDS almost always requires the use of two or more drugs. If you need to stop taking one of the medicines you are taking for HIV, you should stop all of them until you can talk to your doctor.
• Your doctor may want you to have blood tests or other medical evaluations during treatment with Sustiva to monitor progress and side effects.
• Store Sustiva at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next regularly scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one as directed. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless your doctor directs otherwise.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention if an overdose is suspected.
• Symptoms of an Sustiva overdose may include confusion, poor coordination, headache, numbness or tingling, tremor, dizziness, muscle cramps, and seizures.

What should I avoid while taking Sustiva?

• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Sustiva may cause dizziness or drowsiness. If you experience dizziness or drowsiness, avoid these activities.
• Avoid alcohol or use it with caution while taking Sustiva. Alcohol may increase dizziness and drowsiness while taking this medication.
• Follow your doctor's instructions with respect to high-risk activities such as unprotected sex and the sharing of needles. Sustiva is not a cure for HIV or AIDS, and you can still transmit the virus to others during therapy with this medication.

What are the possible side effects of Sustiva?

• Treatment with Sustiva has been associated with the development of serious psychiatric side effects including severe depression, suicidal thoughts, aggressive behavior, paranoid reactions, manic reactions. Contact your doctor immediately if you develop any new or worsening psychiatric symptoms.
• If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking Sustiva and seek emergency medical attention or notify your doctor immediately:
  • an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives); or
  • a rash.
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue taking Sustiva and talk to your doctor if you experience
  • dizziness;
  • drowsiness;
  • insomnia;
  • abnormal dreams;
  • impaired concentration;
  • agitation or nervousness;
  • headache;
  • mild nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; or
  • changes in body fat (e.g., increased fat in the upper back, neck, breast, and trunk and loss of fat from the legs, arms, and face).
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Sustiva?

• Sustiva may cause serious and/ or life-threatening side effects if taken with certain other medications including the following: cisapride (Propulsid), astemizole (Hismanal), terfenadine (Seldane), midazolam (Versed), triazolam (Halcion), ergotamine (Ergostat, Ergomar, and others), dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45), and others. Do not take any other medicines during treatment with Sustiva without first talking to your doctor.
• Before taking Sustiva, tell your doctor if you are taking
  • indinavir (Crixivan);
  • ritonavir (Norvir);
  • saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase);
  • warfarin (Coumadin);
  • clarithromycin (Biaxin);
  • rifabutin (Mycobutin); or
  • rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane).
• You may not be able to take Sustiva, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you are taking any of the medicines listed above.
• Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with Sustiva. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking or using any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.

Retrovir

Brand name: Retrovir
Generic name: Zidovudine

What is the most important information I should know about Retrovir?

• Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, a pancreas disorder, or problems with your muscles.
• Retrovir can lower the blood cells in your body that help you fight infections. This can make it easier for you to bleed from an injury or get sick from being around others who are ill. To be sure your blood cells do not get too low, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
• Call your doctor at once if you have liver problems while you are using Retrovir. Symptoms to watch for include stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
• Call your doctor at once if you have muscle pain or weakness, numbness or tingling in any part of your body, and nausea with vomiting. These could be signs of lactic acidosis.

What is Retrovir?

• Retrovir is an antiviral medication. It is in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicines called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This medication helps keep the HIV virus from reproducing in the body.
• Retrovir is used to treat HIV, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Retrovir is also given during pregnancy to prevent an HIV-infected woman from passing the virus to her baby. This medication is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.
• Retrovir may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Retrovir?

• Before taking Retrovir, tell your doctor if you have:
  • kidney disease;
  • liver disease;
  • hepatitis C;
  • pancreatitis; or
  • bone marrow suppression.
• If you have any of the conditions listed above, you may not be able to use Retrovir or you may need a dosage adjustment or special tests during treatment.
• Retrovir is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known if it will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are pregnant. It is very important to treat HIV/ AIDS during pregnancy to reduce the risk of infecting the baby. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment.
• It is not known whether Retrovir passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed. Even if your baby is born without HIV, you may still pass the virus to the baby in your breast milk.

How should I take Retrovir?

• Take Retrovir exactly as your doctor has prescribed it for you. Do not use more of the medication than recommended. Do not take Retrovir for longer than your doctor has prescribed.
• Retrovir tablets, capsules, or syrup can be taken with or without food.
• To be sure you get the correct dose of Retrovir syrup, measure the liquid with a marked measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
• Retrovir IV (intravenous) is given as an injection into a vein. The medicine must be injected slowly and is usually given 5 to 6 times daily. Your IV needle may be left in place during the entire time you are receiving this medicine by injection. Retrovir injection should be used only until you are able to take the tablet, capsule, or syrup form of this medicine.
• If you will use this medicine at home, your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist will give you specific instructions on how to use an IV. Do not give yourself an injection if you do not understand these instructions. Call your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist for help with injection instructions.
• Use each needle and syringe only one time. With your medicine you will receive a puncture-proof container for used needles and syringes. If you do not receive a container, ask your pharmacist for one. Keep this container out of the reach of children and pets. Your pharmacist can tell you how to properly dispose of the container properly.
• Treatment of HIV/ AIDS almost always requires using many medicines together. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.
• Retrovir can lower the blood cells in your body that help you fight infections. This can make it easier for you to bleed from an injury or get sick from being around others who are ill. To be sure your blood cells do not get too low, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
• Store Retrovir at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
• Retrovir injection must be diluted (mixed) before it is given in the IV. After mixing the medication, you may store it at room temperature or in a refrigerator. Use the mixture within 8 hours if it is kept at room temperature, or within 24 hours if refrigerated.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.
• Symptoms of a Retrovir overdose may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, confusion, and seizures.

What should I avoid while taking Retrovir?

• Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking this medication will not keep you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex, such as using a condom and spermicide. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

What are the possible side effects of Retrovir?

• Stop using this medication and get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Call your doctor at once if you have any problems with your liver while you are using Retrovir. Symptoms to watch for include stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
• Call your doctor at once if you have any of these other serious side effects:
  • lactic acidosis — muscle pain or weakness, numb or tingly feeling, and nausea with vomiting;
  • signs of a new infection — fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;
  • easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness, pale skin;
  • white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips.
• Less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Talk with your doctor if you have any of these side effects:
  • changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and trunk);
  • headache, sleep problems (insomnia);
  • mild nausea, vomiting, constipation, stomach pain;
  • pain or irritation where you injected the medication;
  • eye twitching or uncontrollable movements; or
  • lack of balance or coordination.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Retrovir?

• Do not use Retrovir together with other combination drugs that contain Retrovir, such as Combivir or Trizivir.
• Before taking Retrovir, tell your doctor if you are also using:
  • stavudine (Zerit);
  • doxorubicin (Adriamycin);
  • ganciclovir (Cytovene);
  • interferon-alfa (Roferon, Intron, Rebetron);
  • phenytoin (Dilantin); or
  • ribavirin (Rebetol, Ribasphere, Copegus Virazole).
• There may be other drugs that can affect Retrovir. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Famvir

Brand name: Famvir
Generic name: Famciclovir

What is the most important information I should know about Famvir?

• Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated.
• Treatment with Famvir should be started as soon as possible after the first appearance of symptoms (such as tingling, burning, blisters).
• Herpes infections are contagious and you can infect other people, even while you are being treated with Famvir. Avoid letting infected areas come into contact with other people. Avoid touching an infected area and then touching your eyes. Wash your hands frequently to prevent passing the infection to others.

What is Famvir?

• Famvir is an antiviral drug. It slows the growth and spread of the herpes virus so that the body can fight off the infection. Famvir will not cure herpes, but it can lessen the symptoms of the infections.
• Famvir is used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses. Illnesses caused by herpes viruses include genital herpes, cold sores, shingles, and chicken pox.
• Famvir may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Famvir?

• Do not take Famvir if you are allergic to penciclovir (Denavir).
• Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have:
  • kidney disease;
  • galactose intolerance;
  • severe lactase deficiency; or
  • glucose-galactose malabsorption.
• If you have any of these conditions, you may not be able to use Famvir, or you may need a dosage adjustment or special tests during treatment.
• FDA pregnancy category B. This medication is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
• It is not known whether Famvir passes into breast milk, or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not take Famvir without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
• Do not give this medication to a child younger than 18 years old.

How should I take Famvir?

• Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor.
• Treatment with Famvir should be started as soon as possible after the first appearance of symptoms (such as tingling, burning, blisters).
• Take each dose with a full glass of water. Drink plenty of water while you are taking Famvir to keep your kidneys working properly.
• Famvir can be taken with or without food. Taking Famvir with food may decrease stomach upset.
• Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Famvir will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
• Lesions caused by herpes viruses should be kept as clean and dry as possible. Wearing loose clothing may help to prevent irritation of the lesions.
• Store Famvir at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Symptoms of a Famvir overdose are unknown.

What should I avoid while taking Famvir?

• Herpes infections are contagious and you can infect other people, even while you are being treated with Famvir. Avoid letting infected areas come into contact with other people. Avoid touching an infected area and then touching your eyes. Wash your hands frequently to prevent passing the infection to others.
• Famvir will not prevent the spread of genital herpes. Avoid sexual intercourse or use a latex condom to prevent spreading the virus to others.

What are the possible side effects of Famvir?

• Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Continue taking Famvir and talk to your doctor if you have any of these less serious side effects:
  • nausea, vomiting, stomach pain;
  • headache;
  • diarrhea,
  • dizziness, sleepiness;
  • mild itching or skin rash; or
  • confusion.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Famvir?

• Before taking Famvir, tell your doctor if you are also taking probenecid (Benemid). If you are using probenecid, you may not be able to use Famvir, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.
• There may be other drugs that can affect Famvir. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Epivir

Brand name: Epivir
Generic name: Lamivudine

What is the most important information I should know about Epivir?

• Before taking Epivir, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, a pancreas disorder, or problems with your muscles.
• Call your doctor at once if you have liver problems while you are using Epivir. Symptoms to watch for include stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
• If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking Epivir, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver at regular visits for several months after you stop using this medication. Do not miss any scheduled visits.
• Swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis) may occur during treatment, especially in children using Epivir. Call your doctor right away if you notice any of these symptoms of pancreatitis: sudden and severe pain in the upper middle or left side of your stomach, nausea and/ or vomiting, fever, chills, rapid pulse, or stomach pain that gets worse after eating or when lying down flat.
• Call your doctor at once if you have muscle pain or weakness, numbness or tingling in any part of your body, and nausea with vomiting. These could be signs of lactic acidosis.
• Epivir tablets and liquid contain a higher dose of Epivir than Epivir-HBV. Epivir is for treating HIV and Epivir-HBV is for treating hepatitis B. Each time you get a refill of this medication, be sure you have received the correct brand to treat your condition.

What is Epivir?

• Epivir is an antiviral medication. It is in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicines called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Epivir helps keep the HIV virus from reproducing in the body.
• The Epivir brand of Epivir is used to treat HIV, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Epivir is not a cure for HIV or AIDS. The Epivir-HBV brand of Epivir is used to treat chronic hepatitis B.
• Epivir may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Epivir?

• Before taking Epivir, tell your doctor if you have:
  • kidney disease;
  • liver disease;
  • pancreatitis; or
  • problems with your muscles.
• If you have any of the conditions listed above, you may not be able to use Epivir or you may need a dosage adjustment or special tests during treatment.
• If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking Epivir, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver at regular visits for several months after you stop using this medication. Do not miss any scheduled visits.
• If you have diabetes, you should know that the liquid forms of this medication contain 3 to 4 grams of sucrose (sugar) per dose.
• Epivir is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known if it will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are pregnant. It is very important to treat HIV/ AIDS during pregnancy to reduce the risk of infecting the baby. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment.
• It is not known if Epivir passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed. Even if your baby is born without HIV, you may still pass the virus to the baby in your breast milk.

How should I take Epivir?

• Take this medication exactly as your doctor has prescribed it for you. Do not use more of the medication than recommended. Do not take Epivir for longer than your doctor has prescribed.
• To be sure you get the correct dose, measure the liquid with a marked measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
• Epivir can be taken with or without food.
• To ensure that you get a correct dose, measure the liquid forms of Epivir with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
• Epivir tablets and liquid contain a higher dose of Epivir than Epivir-HBV. Epivir is for treating HIV and Epivir-HBV is for treating hepatitis B. Each time you get a refill of this medication, be sure you have received the correct brand to treat your condition.
• Treatment of HIV/ AIDS almost always requires using many medicines together. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.
• To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Your kidney or liver function may also need to be tested. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
• Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture and heat. You may keep the oral solution (liquid) in the refrigerator but do not let it freeze.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. The symptoms of a Epivir overdose are not known.

What should I avoid while taking Epivir?

• Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking this medication will not keep you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex, such as using a condom and spermicide. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.
• Avoid drinking alcohol while taking Epivir. Alcohol may increase the risk of damage to your pancreas or liver.

What are the possible side effects of Epivir?

• Stop using Epivir and get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Call your doctor at once if you have any problems with your liver while you are using Epivir. Symptoms to watch for include stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
• Swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis) may occur during treatment with Epivir, especially in children using this medication. Call your doctor right away if you notice any of these symptoms of pancreatitis: sudden and severe pain in the upper middle or left side of your stomach, nausea and/ or vomiting, fever, chills, rapid pulse, or stomach pain that gets worse after eating or when lying down flat.
• Call your doctor at once if you have any of these other serious side effects:
  • lactic acidosis — muscle pain or weakness, numb or tingly feeling, and nausea with vomiting;
  • signs of a new infection — fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms; or
  • white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips.
• Less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Talk with your doctor if you have any of these side effects:
  • changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and trunk);
  • sleep problems (insomnia), strange dreams;
  • headache, dizziness; or
  • a runny or stuffy nose.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Epivir?

• Before taking Epivir, tell your doctor if you are also taking zalcitabine (Hivid) or ribavirin (Rebetol, Ribasphere, Copegus Virazole). There may be other drugs that can affect Epivir. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Dostinex

Brand name: Dostinex
Generic name: Cabergoline

Dostinex is used for:

Treating disorders associated with high levels of the hormone prolactin, either due to tumors in the pituitary gland or to unknown causes. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Dostinex is a dopamine receptor agonist. It works by blocking prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland.

Do NOT use Dostinex if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Dostinex or to ergot derivatives (eg, ergotamine)
• you have uncontrolled high blood pressure
• you are taking a butyrophenone (eg, haloperidol), metoclopramide, a phenothiazine (eg, chlorpromazine), or a thioxanthene (eg, thiothixene)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Dostinex:

Some medical conditions may interact with Dostinex. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
• if you have high blood pressure or liver problems
• if you have high blood pressure or convulsions caused by pregnancy
• if you are taking medicines that may lower your blood pressure

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Dostinex. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Butyrophenones (eg, haloperidol), metoclopramide, phenothiazines (eg, chlorpromazine), or thioxanthenes (eg, thiothixene) because effectiveness of Dostinex may be decreased

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Dostinex may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Dostinex:

Use Dostinex as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Dostinex may be taken on an empty stomach or with food.
• It may be helpful to mark on a calendar which days you are supposed to take Dostinex.
• If you miss a dose of Dostinex, contact your doctor immediately.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Dostinex.

Important safety information:

• Dostinex may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to Dostinex. Using Dostinex alone, with certain other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or perform other potentially dangerous tasks.
• Dostinex may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. Alcohol, hot weather, exercise, and fever can increase these effects. To prevent them, sit up or stand slowly, especially in the morning. Also, sit or lie down at the first sign of dizziness, lightheadedness, or weakness.
• If you suspect that you may be pregnant, contact your doctor so that a pregnancy test can be arranged.
• Use Dostinex with extreme caution in CHILDREN. Safety and effectiveness have not been confirmed.
• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant while taking Dostinex, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Dostinex during pregnancy. It is unknown if Dostinex is excreted in breast milk. Do not breast feed while taking Dostinex.

Possible side effects of Dostinex:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

• Constipation;
• diarrhea;
• dizziness;
• drowsiness;
• headache;
• hot flashes;
• indigestion;
• lightheadedness;
• nausea;
• nervousness;
• tiredness;
• vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching;
• difficulty breathing;
• tightness in the chest;
• swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue);
• black, tarry stool;
• chest pain;
• confusion;
• depression;
• hallucinations;
• irregular heartbeat;
• shortness of breath;
• swelling of hands or feet;
• vision disturbances.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions or need medical advice about side effects, contact your doctor or health care provider.

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 1-800-222-1222 end_of_the_skype_highlighting (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include fainting or hallucinations.

Proper storage of Dostinex:

Store Dostinex at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 °C) in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Dostinex out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Dostinex, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
• Dostinex is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Dostinex. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Ditropan

Brand name: Ditropan
Generic name: Oxybutynin

What is the most important information I should know about Ditropan?

• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Ditropan may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision. If you experience dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision, avoid these activities.
• Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness while using Ditropan.
• Avoid becoming overheated in hot weather. Ditropan increases the risk of heat stroke because it decreases sweating. Drink plenty of fluid of maintain adequate hydration.
• Do not expose the Ditropan transdermal patch (Oxytrol) to sunlight. It should be worn under clothing.

What is Ditropan?

• Ditropan relieves spasms of the bladder and urinary tract.
• Ditropan is used to treat the symptoms of urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary leakage, painful or difficult urination, urinary incontinence, and nighttime urination associated with overactive bladder.
• Ditropan may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using Ditropan?

• Do not use Ditropan if you have
  • a blockage of the urinary tract (difficulty urinating); or
  • a blockage in the intestines.
• Before using Ditropan, tell your doctor if you have
  • liver disease;
  • kidney disease;
  • numbness or tingling in the hands or feet;
  • difficulty swallowing solids or liquids;
  • reflux disease;
  • glaucoma;
  • myasthenia gravis;
  • ulcerative colitis;
  • thyroid problems;
  • high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or any type of heart disease;
  • a hiatal hernia; or
  • enlargement of the prostate.
• You may not be able to use Ditropan, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring if you have any of the conditions listed above.
• Ditropan is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use Ditropan without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment.
• It is not known whether Ditropan passes into breast milk. Do not use Ditropan without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I use Ditropan?

• Use Ditropan exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
• Take each oral dose with a full glass of water.
• Do not crush, chew, or break the extended release form of Ditropan (Ditropan XL). These tablets are specially formulated to release the medication slowly into the body. Swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water or another liquid. Occasionally, you may find a tablet form in the stool. Do not be alarmed, this is the outer shell of the tablet only, the medication has been absorbed by the body.
• To ensure that you get the correct dosage, measure the liquid form of Ditropan with a dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist where you can get one.
• Use the Ditropan topical patches (Oxytrol) as directed. Each patch should be applied to dry, intact skin on the stomach, hip, or buttock. Do not expose the Ditropan transdermal patch to sunlight. It should be worn under clothing. A new application site should be selected with each new system to avoid re-application to the same site within 7 days. Patches are usually changed twice a week, every 3 to 4 days. Try to change the patch on the same two days every week.
• When changing the Oxytrol patch, remove the old patch slowly and carefully to avoid damaging the skin. Once off, fold the patch in half with the sticky sides together. Throw away the patch so that it cannot be accidentally worn or swallowed by another person, especially a child or pet. If any adhesive remains on the skin after patch removal, wash the area with mild soap and warm water. A small amount of baby oil may also be used. Rings of adhesive that become dirty may require a medical adhesive removal pad that you can get from your pharmacist. Alcohol or other dissolving liquids should not be used.
• Do not apply the Ditropan transdermal patch (Oxytrol) to areas where the skin folds, the waistline where tight clothing may rub against the patch, skin that is damaged (cut or scraped) or irritated, or skin that has been treated with oil, lotion, powder, or other skin products.
• The Ditropan transdermal patch (Oxytrol) does not need to be removed during bathing, swimming, showering, or exercising. However, try to avoid rubbing the patch area during these activities.
• Do not use more of this medication than is prescribed for you. If your symptoms are not being treated, notify your doctor.
• Store Ditropan at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take a missed oral dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.
• If an Ditropan transdermal patch (Oxytrol) falls off, press it back in place and continue to follow your application schedule. If the patch does not stay on, throw it away. Apply a new patch in a different area, and continue to follow your original application schedule for changing the patch. If you forget to change a patch after 3 or 4 days, remove the old patch, put on a new patch in a different area and continue to follow your original application schedule.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention.
• Symptoms of an Ditropan overdose include restlessness, tremor, irritability, seizures, delirium, hallucinations, flushing, fever, nausea, vomiting, a fast heartbeat, and possibly coma.

What should I avoid while using Ditropan?

• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Ditropan may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision. If you experience dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision, avoid these activities.
• Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness while using Ditropan.
• Avoid becoming overheated in hot weather. Ditropan increases the risk of heat stroke because it decreases sweating. Drink plenty of fluid to maintain adequate hydration.

What are the possible side effects of Ditropan?

• If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop using Ditropan and seek emergency medical attention or contact your doctor immediately:
  • an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives); or
  • an irregular or fast heart rate.
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take Ditropan and talk to your doctor if you experience
  • nausea or vomiting;
  • difficulty urinating;
  • constipation;
  • dry mouth;
  • blurred vision or large pupils;
  • dryness of the eyes;
  • drowsiness;
  • dizziness or lightheadedness;
  • decreased sweating;
  • a rash;
  • insomnia;
  • restlessness;
  • hallucinations; or
  • mild redness at patch application site (Oxytrol).
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Ditropan?

• Ditropan may increase the effects of other drugs that cause drowsiness, including antidepressants, alcohol, antihistamines, sedatives (used to treat insomnia), pain relievers, anxiety medicines, and muscle relaxants. Tell your doctor about all medicines that you are taking, and do not take any medicine while using Ditropan without first talking to your doctor.
• Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with Ditropan. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including herbal products.

Copegus

Brand name: Copegus
Generic name: Ribavirin

What is the most important information I should know about copegus?

Ribavirin is not effective when used alone to treat hepatitis C. Ribavirin must be used together with an interferon alfa product (such as Peg-Intron or Intron A) to treat chronic hepatitis C. This medication can cause birth defects or death in an unborn baby.

• If you are a woman, do not take copegus if you are pregnant
• If you are a man, do not take copegus if your female sexual partner is pregnant. An unborn baby could also be harmed if a man fathers the child while he is taking copegus.
• Use at least two effective forms of birth control while either sexual partner is taking copegus, and for at least 6 months after treatment ends.
• Tell your doctor right away if a pregnancy occurs while either the mother or the father is taking copegus.

Ribavirin may decrease the number of red blood cells in your body. This is called anemia and it can be life-threatening in people who have heart disease or circulation problems. To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.

Call your doctor at once if you have pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, or weakness. These may be signs of serious anemia.

What is copegus?

Ribavirin is an antiviral medication.

Ribavirin must be used together with an interferon alfa product (such as Peg-Intron or Intron A) to treat chronic hepatitis C.

Ribavirin may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking copegus?

Do not take this medication if you are allergic to copegus, or if you have:

• autoimmune hepatitis; or
• a hemoglobin disorder such as anemia, thalassemia (Mediterranean anemia), or sickle-cell anemia.

Before using copegus, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:

• a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, or a heart attack;
• cancer;
• diabetes;
• lung disease or breathing problems;
• kidney or liver disease;
• a history of depression or suicide attempt;
• sarcoidosis;
• a history of drug or alcohol addiction;
• a thyroid disorder;
• a history of a liver or other organ transplant; or
• hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV or AIDS).
• Tell your doctor if you have been treated with interferon in the past and it did not work well in treating your hepatitis C.

If you have any of these conditions, you may not be able to use copegus, or you may need a dosage adjustment or special tests during treatment.

This medication can cause birth defects or death in an unborn baby.

• If you are a woman, do not take copegus if you are pregnant
• If you are a man, do not take copegus if your female sexual partner is pregnant. An unborn baby could also be harmed if a man fathers the child while he is taking copegus.
• Use at least two effective forms of birth control while either sexual partner is taking copegus, and for at least 6 months after treatment ends.
• Tell your doctor right away if a pregnancy occurs while either the mother or the father is taking copegus.

Your name may need to be listed on a copegus pregnancy registry if you become pregnant while you or your male sexual partner are taking this medication or during the 6 months after treatment ends. The purpose of this registry is to track the outcome of the pregnancy and delivery to evaluate whether copegus had any effect on the baby.

It is not known whether copegus passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take copegus?

Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Ribavirin is not effective when used alone to treat hepatitis C. It must be used together with an interferon alfa product (such as Peg-Intron or Intron A) to treat chronic hepatitis C. Take the copegus tablet or capsule with a full glass of water.

Measure the liquid form of copegus with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

You may take copegus with or without food, but take it the same way every time.

Ribavirin may decrease the number of red blood cells in your body. This is called anemia and it can be life-threatening in people who have heart disease or circulation problems. To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Your liver and thyroid function may also need to be checked. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.

Call your doctor at once if you have pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, or weakness. These may be signs of serious anemia.

It is important to use copegus regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely. You may need to take this medication for many months.

Drink extra fluids while you are taking copegus to keep from getting dehydrated, especially during exercise or in hot weather.

Ribavirin can cause dry mouth, which could lead to tooth decay or gum disease. If you vomit while taking copegus, rinse your mouth out with water to prevent damage to your teeth or gums. Be sure to have regular dental exams while you are taking this medication.

Store copegus tablets and capsules at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Store copegus liquid (oral solution) in the refrigerator. Do not allow it to freeze.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. If you have not taken the medication for longer than 24 hours, call your doctor for instructions. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Symptoms of a copegus overdose may include easy bruising or bleeding, urinating less than usual or not at all, chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, or a general ill feeling.

What should I avoid while taking copegus?

Treatment with copegus does not prevent spread of the hepatitis C virus to other people. Follow your doctors instructions about how to prevent passing the disease to another person.

Do not drink alcohol while taking copegus. Alcohol can increase the risk of damage to your liver. Ribavirin can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert.

What are the possible side effects of copegus?

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using copegus and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

• severe depression, thoughts of suicide or hurting yourself;
• pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, easy bruising or bleeding, confusion, or unusual weakness;
• fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, trouble breathing;
• chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, general ill feeling; or
• severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting, fast heart rate.

Continue taking copegus and talk to your doctor if you have any of these less serious side effects:

• dry mouth;
• nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss;
• headache, dizziness;
• skin rash or itching;
• feeling tired or irritable;
• trouble concentrating;
• joint or muscle pain;
• sleep problems (insomnia); or
• stuffy nose.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect copegus?

Before taking copegus, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:

• didanosine (Videx);
• stavudine (Zerit); or
• zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT).

If you are using any of these drugs, you may not be able to use copegus, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.

There may be other drugs not listed that can affect copegus. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Combivir

Brand name: Combivir
Generic name: Lamivudine

What is the most important information I should know about Combivir?

• Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, a pancreas disorder, or problems with your muscles.
• Combivir can lower the blood cells in your body that help you fight infections. This can make it easier for you to bleed from an injury or get sick from being around others who are ill. To be sure your blood cells do not get too low, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
• Call your doctor at once if you have liver problems while you are using Combivir. Symptoms to watch for include stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
• If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking Combivir, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver at regular visits for several months after you stop using this medication. Do not miss any scheduled visits.
• Swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis) may occur during treatment, especially in children using Combivir. Call your doctor right away if you notice any of these symptoms of pancreatitis: sudden and severe pain in the upper middle or left side of your stomach, nausea and/ or vomiting, fever, chills, rapid pulse, or stomach pain that gets worse after eating or when lying down flat.
• Call your doctor at once if you have muscle pain or weakness, numbness or tingling in any part of your body, and nausea with vomiting. These could be signs of lactic acidosis.

What is Combivir?

• Combivir are antiviral medications. They are in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicines called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This medication helps keep the HIV virus from reproducing in the body.
• Combivir are used to treat HIV, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This medication is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.
• Combivir may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Combivir?

• Before taking Combivir, tell your doctor if you have:
  • kidney disease;
  • liver disease;
  • pancreatitis; or
  • bone marrow suppression.
• If you have any of the conditions listed above, you may not be able to use Combivir or you may need a dosage adjustment or special tests during treatment.
• If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking this medication, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver at regular visits for several months after you stop using Combivir. Do not miss any scheduled visits.
• Combivir is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known if it will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are pregnant. It is very important to treat HIV/ AIDS during pregnancy to reduce the risk of infecting the baby. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment.
• It is not known whether Combivir passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed. Even if your baby is born without HIV, you may still pass the virus to the baby in your breast milk.

How should I take Combivir?

• Take Combivir exactly as your doctor has prescribed it for you. Do not use more of the medication than recommended. Do not take Combivir for longer than your doctor has prescribed.
• Combivir can be taken with or without food.
• Treatment of HIV/ AIDS almost always requires using many medicines together. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.
• Combivir can lower the blood cells in your body that help you fight infections. This can make it easier for you to bleed from an injury or get sick from being around others who are ill. To be sure your blood cells do not get too low, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
• Store Combivir at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.
• Symptoms of a Combivir overdose may include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and seizures.

What should I avoid while taking Combivir?

• Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking this medication will not keep you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex, such as using a condom and spermicide. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.
• Avoid alcohol while taking Combivir. Alcohol may increase the risk of damage to the pancreas and/ or liver.

What are the possible side effects of Combivir?

• Stop using this medication and get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Call your doctor at once if you have any problems with your liver while you are using lamivudine. Symptoms to watch for include stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
• Swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis) may occur during treatment with Combivir. Call your doctor right away if you notice any of these symptoms of pancreatitis: sudden and severe pain in the upper middle or left side of your stomach, nausea and/ or vomiting, fever, chills, rapid pulse, or stomach pain that gets worse after eating or when lying down flat.
• Call your doctor at once if you have any of these other serious side effects:
  • lactic acidosis — muscle pain or weakness, numb or tingly feeling, and nausea with vomiting;
  • signs of a new infection — fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;
  • easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness, pale skin;
  • white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips.
• Less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Talk with your doctor if you have any of these side effects:
  • changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and trunk);
  • sleep problems (insomnia), strange dreams;
  • headache, dizziness; or
  • a runny or stuffy nose.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Combivir?

• Before taking Combivir, tell your doctor if you are also using:
  • cancer treatments;
  • stavudine (Zerit);
  • doxorubicin (Adriamycin);
  • zalcitabine (Hivid);
  • ganciclovir (Cytovene);
  • interferon-alfa (Roferon, Intron, Rebetron);
  • trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra);
  • ribavirin (Rebetol, Ribasphere, Copegus Virazole); or
  • other forms of lamivudine or zidovudine (such as Epivir, Epzicom, Retrovir, Trizivir).
• There may be other drugs that can affect Combivir. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Modalert

Brand name: Modalert

What is the most important information I should know about modalert?

Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Modalert may affect your judgment, thinking, or motor skills. If you experience any of these effects, avoid hazardous activities. It is best to avoid alcohol while taking modalert. Alcohol or modalert may have altered effects if taken together.

Modalert may decrease the effects of hormonal methods of birth control including birth control pills and depot and implantable formulations (e.g., Norplant, Depo-Provera). Use a second, nonhormonal form of birth control while taking modalert, and for one month after stopping modalert, if prevention of pregnancy is desired.

Modalert may be habit forming. You should discuss the abuse and dependence potential of modalert with your doctor. Do not stop taking modalert without first talking to your doctor. Your doctor may want to gradually lower the dose of the medication before stopping treatment.

What is modalert?

The exact way that modalert works is not known.

Modalert is used to improve wakefulness in patients with excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypoapnea syndrome (OSAHS), and shift work sleep disorder (SWSD).

Modalert may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking modalert?

Before taking modalert, tell your doctor if you have

• left ventricular hypertrophy (enlarged left heart ventricle);
• chest pain, irregular heartbeats, or other symptoms of mitral valve prolapse due to central nervous system stimulant use;
• a recent history of a heart attack;
• high blood pressure;
• angina (chest pain);
• abused medicines called stimulants or street drugs;
• a history of mental illness;
• kidney disease; or
• liver disease.

You may not be able to take modalert, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.

Modalert is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether it will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take modalert without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether modalert passes into breast milk. Do not take modalert without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding. If you are older than 65 years of age, you may be more likely to experience side effects from modalert. You may require a lower dose or special monitoring during treatment.

How should I take modalert?

Take modalert exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Take each dose with a full glass of water.

Modalert can be taken with or without food.

Modalert is usually taken once a day. Follow your doctor's instructions.

It is important to take modalert regularly to get the most benefit.

Modalert is not a replacement for sleep. Modalert may reduce the signs of sleepiness, but may not completely treat this problem. Some drowsiness may continue. Potentially hazardous activities such as driving or operating machinery should only be performed if the level of wakefulness achieved is sufficient to permit such activities.

Other treatments such as CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) use should be continued as directed by your doctor if you have obstructive sleep apnea/hypoapnea syndrome (OSAHS) and are taking modalert.

Modalert may be habit forming. You should discuss the abuse and dependence potential of modalert with your doctor. Do not stop taking modalert without first talking to your doctor. Your doctor may want to gradually lower the dose of the medication before stopping treatment. Store modalert at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember as directed by your doctor. A missed dose taken late in the waking day may cause insomnia. If you don't remember until it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if an overdose is suspected.

Symptoms of a modalert overdose may include excitation, agitation, insomnia, sleep disturbances, anxiety, irritability, aggressiveness, confusion, nervousness, tremor, palpitations, nausea, and diarrhea.

What should I avoid while taking modalert?

Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Modalert may affect your judgment, thinking, or motor skills. If you experience any of these effects, avoid hazardous activities. It is best to avoid alcohol while taking modalert. Alcohol or modalert may have altered effects if taken together.

Modalert may decrease the effects of hormonal methods of birth control including birth control pills and depot and implantable formulations (e.g., Norplant, Depo-Provera). Use a second, nonhormonal form of birth control while taking modalert, and for one month after stopping modalert, if prevention of pregnancy is desired.

What are the possible side effects of modalert?

If you experience any of the following uncommon but serious side effects, stop taking modalert and seek emergency medical attention or contact your doctor immediately:

• an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives);
• irregular heartbeats;
• low or high blood pressure; or
• shortness of breath.

Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take modalert and talk to your doctor if you experience

• headache;
• infection;
• nausea, decreased appetite, or diarrhea;
• chills;
• dry mouth;
• runny nose;
• sore throat;
• nervousness;
• anxiety;
• dizziness;
• insomnia;
• depression; or
• numbness or tingling.

Modalert may be habit forming. You should discuss the abuse and dependence potential of modalert with your doctor. Do not stop taking modalert without first talking to your doctor. Your doctor may want to gradually lower the dose of the medication before stopping treatment.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect modalert?

Modalert may decrease the effects of hormonal methods of birth control including birth control pills and depot and implantable formulations (e.g., Norplant, Depo-Provera). Use a second, nonhormonal form of birth control while taking modalert, and for one month after stopping modalert, if prevention of pregnancy is desired.

Before taking modalert, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following drugs:

• a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO inhibitor) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranylcypromine (Parnate), or phenelzine (Nardil);
• a tricyclic antidepressant such as clomipramine (Anafranil) or desipramine (Norpramin);
• another CNS stimulant such as amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall), methylphenidate (Ritalin, Methylin, Metadate ER, Concerta), pemoline (Cylert), and others;
• phenytoin (Dilantin);
• carbamazepine (Tegretol);
• phenobarbital;
• rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane);
• ketoconazole (Nizoral);
• itraconazole (Sporanox);
• cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune);
• theophylline (Theolair, Theochron, Theo-Bid, Theo-Dur, Elixophyllin, Slo-Phyllin, and others);
• warfarin (Coumadin);
• diazepam (Valium); or
• propranolol (Inderal).

You may not be able to take modalert, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during your treatment if you are taking any of the medicines listed above.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with modalert. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking or using any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.